Research

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

New light on Richard Dadd

Geoffrey Munn explores the motives of a major collector of the work of Richard Dadd and also clarifies the true subject of one of his most famous fairy paintings

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

The Saltonstall Family

An examination of the history of the well-known 17th-century group The Saltonstall Family offers a fresh interpretation of its iconography and a new identification of the individuals shown

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

What’s in a name?

Many pastels and oil paintings by Katherine Read ( 1723–1728) have long been misattributed and this article examines some of the consequences. While evoking a specific case, it offers more general reflections on the (re)identification of artists.

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

Frances Graham

Beth Richards presents new evidence to show that Frances Graham is wearing Mughal emerald and pearl bead bracelets in Tilly Kettle’s 1774 portrait

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

Reuniting a Gainsborough letter

The missing part of a letter by Thomas Gainsborough reappeared at auction in 2024, bearing its date and signature. The two parts of the letter are here reunited

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

What if? Monet and Leicester Square

Claude Monet chose a vantage point in February–March 1901 in what can now be identified as the Beefsteak Club in Irving Street, Leicester Square, for a projected number of nocturnal scenes in London

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

The meaning of Manet’s Luncheon in the Studio

There have been numerous interpretations of Manet’s Luncheon in the Studio, none of them satisfactory. The key to unlocking its meaning lies in contemporary admiration among French writers and artists for the art of William Hogarth

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

Marie Jane Naylor

Martin Ferguson Smith reconstructs the career of Marie Jane Naylor (1856–1940) and provides a checklist of her works

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VOLXXVI-1-Research

Helen Coombe Addenda

Since the publication of Martin Ferguson Smith’s biography of Roger Fry’s wife, Helen Coombe (1864–1937), in October 2023, three additional items of significant interest have come to his attention

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Reviews

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VOLXXVI-1-Reviews

Constable 250

The 250th anniversary of the birth of John Constable is being marked by a series of publications and exhibitions under the general title of ‘Constable 250’

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VOLXXVI-1-Reviews

Henri Rousseau, l’ambition de la peinture

This Henri Rousseau exhibition spans the entire career of this remarkable maverick artist and brings together for the first time a substantial part of the two largest single collections of the painter’s works

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VOLXXVI-1-Reviews

Sam Rabin

Sam Rabin (1903–1991), artist, wrestler, boxer, was ‘discovered’ at the age of 80. Thomas Tuohy enjoyed a rare opportunity to see his boxing pictures

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Editorial

The British Art Journal is back!

Online only

Our title is now
The British Art Journal: Online
Sharp-eyed readers will note that our old typography read: The British Art Journal
The change in emphasis is to indicate that, while we shall retain a focus on the history of British art, we shall also be covering western art more generally, both in research and reviews.
Subscribe now –free – to be sure of receiving notifications of new issues and of updates such as added articles and reviews. Just click ‘Subscribe now’ at the top of the home page Our last printed edition was Volume XXIV in 2023-24 And so here, in 2025, is Volume XXV – online

Access our last printed edition and earlier posts at ‘Archive’ on the home page
Get in touch with us with your thoughts and submissions – research and reviews – at ‘Contact’ on the home page

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Watercolours like these can help today's restoration of historic sites

La grande galerie de Palmyre 
by Louis François Cassas (1756–1827), 1790. Private collection
 

The British Art Journal Volume XXV, No.2

Research

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VOLXXV-2-Research

Not Lady Jane Grey but Mary Nevill Fiennes, Lady Dacre

Reports appeared in the popular media in March 2025 highlighting new evidence put forward in support of Lady Jane Grey Dudley as the sitter in a portrait included in an exhibition at Wrest Park in Bedfordshire. This article examines this evidence from an alternative perspective and reasserts the previous identification of the sitter as Mary Nevill Fiennes, Lady Dacre

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VOLXXV-2-Research

Hogarth’s house at the Golden Head, Leicester Fields

Hogarth’s chose a ‘golden head’ of Anthony Van Dyck as the sign of his profession: a gilded cork bust that he created and placed over the entrance to his house at No. 30 Leicester Square. This article examines the significance of this symbol and explores Hogarth’s household and business activities on that site

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VOLXXV-2-Research

The Welshman in A Rake’s Progress by William Hogarth (1697–1764)

The presence of Welshmen in the fourth scene of Hogarth’s A Rake’s Progress has often been noticed. But the identity of the Welsh gentleman responsible for the arrest of the Rake has not been recognized, nor even speculated upon. He is identified here for the first time, and further ramifications of the introduction of references to Wales in Hogarth’s series indicate that the artist is pointing to the contemporary divisions within the Hanoverian royal family

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VOLXXV-2-Research

Canaletto, the Sandby brothers and ‘Mr Crowle’

In 1747 Canaletto painted a view of Windsor Castle which carries a tantalising note in its frame, the interpretation of which leads to an intriguing exploration of the circumstances in which the picture was made. The precise location where Canaletto was positioned to take the view is identified and the artist’s interaction with the Sandy brothers is examined

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VOLXXV-2-Research

Sketches Taken at Print Sales by Paul Sandby (1731–1809)

The British Museum has an etching by Paul Sandby showing portrait heads of 54 men. There are two different contemporary sources for identifying the individuals, which are usually but not always in agreement. Almost all have been identified but this essay supplies three of the five missing names, and explores the world of those attending print auctions at the time

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VOLXXV-2-Research

Did Ben Nicholson and Jim Ede take advantage of Alfred Wallis?

Ben Nicholson and Jim Ede each bought a great many paintings by Alfred Wallis soon after he was ‘discovered’ in St Ives, in the late summer of 1928. They paid what seem trivial sums of money for them. Were they taking advantage of a lonely, isolated, semi-literate retired sailor? This question has often been asked and there are many aspects to be considered when seeking the answer.

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VOLXXV-2-Research

Lorenz Natter (1705–1763)

Lorenz Natter stayed in England from late 1745 until 1747. During this short time, he worked for British aristocrats, carving both intaglios and cameos. Among them was a most extraordinary ‘Vase on a small Diamond [engraved] for Lord James Cavendisch’ (d 1751). That gem was known only through a drawing. But the author has rediscovered the actual stone, which is here presented within the context of its realization.

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VOLXXV-2-Research

Framing Sheila Fell (1931–1979) as a social realist

The authors of a new catalogue raisonné of the oil paintings of Sheila Fell (1931–1979) make the case here for seeing her as a social realist. Andrew and Eleanor Bradley, Sheila Fell: Catalogue Raisonné of the Oil Paintings, Lund Humphries Publishers Ltd 2025, pp488 col £195, ISBN 1848226322 / 978-1848226326

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VOLXXV-2-Research

An undocumented portrait of Christabel and Emmeline Pankhurst

A portrait of Christabel Pankhurst, newly identified here, was exhibited at the Champ de Mars Salon in Paris 1912, while Pankhurst herself was on the run in the same city, hiding from the British police. The artist was Helen Darmesteter (1850–1940) who painted a number of British suffragettes. The article also reveals how the women’s suffrage movement was entangled with French art circles during the Belle Époque

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Reviews

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Gwen John in Wales

An outstandingly well-designed retrospective exhibition of the work of Gwen John – in her native land of Wales – marks the 150th anniversary of her birth

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Michelangelo’s Puzzle

Did Michelangelo forge the Laocoön? Ae there many references to it in the artist’s Sistine Last Judgement? Did he create this fresco as a form of intellectual Renaissance puzzle?

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

‘Metamorphoses: Ovid and the Arts’

The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam is now the venue for the first major exhibition of art works from the ancient world and Renaissance to modern times inspired by Ovid’s classic. It features works by Bernini, Brancuşi, Caravaggio, Correggio, Delvaux, Magritte, Poussin, Rodin, Rubens, Tintoretto, Titian and Veronese.

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Don McCullin, 'The Sudan and the place is called Meroë', 2012 © Don McCullin, courtesy of the artist and Hauser & Wirth
VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Sir Don McCullin at 90

‘Broken Beauty’ was a fine exhibition at the Holborn Museum, Bath, to celebrate the 90th birthday of Sir Don McCullin (b 1935)

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Women artists

The primary revelation of two exhibitions of work by women artists is the outstanding quality of so much of it – whose makers were renowned in their lifetimes and celebrated in contemporary written sources, but who have gradually been erased from the record by subsequent generations of (overwhelmingly male) art historians

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

‘Seurat and the Sea’

The first-ever exhibition devoted to Seurat’s marine subjects – although more than half of his final output was made up of them

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Alfred Morrison (1821–1897) – millionaire shopping

Alfred Morrison (1821–1897) is the subject of a new book edited by Caroline Dakers, which explores the vast wealth of this ‘Vicorian Maecenas’, identifying what he spent his money on, what he collected, and the artists and craftsmen he patronised

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Art Deco centenary in Paris

A major exhibition in Paris marks the centenary of the ‘Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes’ in Paris in 1925

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Caravaggio’s Cupid

The loan to the Wallace Collection of Caravaggio’s Victorious Cupid from the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin offers an extraordinary opportunity to study one of the artist’s greatest masterpieces

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

‘Anna Ancher: Painting Light’

Dulwich Picture Gallery is currently showing the first UK exhibition devoted to Anna Archer (1859–1935), one of the most original and significant Danish painters

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Picasso: from the studio

This exhibition takes as its inspiration Picasso’s remark, ‘The way an artist arranges the objects around him is as revealing as his creations’

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VOLXXV-2-Reviews

Neo-Impressionists at the National Gallery, London

‘Radical Harmony: Helene Kröller-Müller’s Neo-Impressionists’ National Gallery, London 13 September–8 February 2026   Julien Domercq, ed, Radical Harmony: Helene Kröller-Müller’s Neo-Impressionists, National Gallery Global, 2025,

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The British Art Journal Volume XXV, No.1

Reviews

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Reviews

Edward Burra

Edward Burra was one of the most distinctive and imaginative figurative painters in Great Britain in the 20th century. The present exhibition at Tate Britain has many loans from private, as well as public, collections, and presents a rare opportunity to assess the work of this true eccentric

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Reviews

Mainie Jellett and Evie Hone

The only previous joint exhibition of Mainie Jellett (1897–1944) and Evie Hone (1894–1955) was held in Dublin in 1924, with a rather overwhelmingly negative response. Arriving fashionably late, 101 years on, this new major exhibition of nearly 100 works on canvas, stained glass, and paper by Hone and Jellett at the National Gallery of Ireland seems likely to attract a different reaction.

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Reviews

Sussex Modernism

‘Sussex Modernism’ Towner, Eastbourne, 23 May–28 September 2025   Hope Wolf, Sussex Modernism, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 2025   Julian Freeman  

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Reviews

Castle Howard Preserv’d

The precocious British mania for foreign recreational and educational travel made the wealthier natives of these islands the Grand Tourists par excellence. Castle Howard, in North Yorkshire, which still stands, as Horace Walpole described it, amid ‘the grandest scenes of rural magnificence’, became over several generations one of the most outstanding products of this enthusiasm for Continental and especially Italian travel.

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Reviews

Jenny Saville

‘Jenny Saville: The Anatomy of Painting’ National Portrait Gallery, London, 20 June–7 September 2025   Lorraine Bacchus   ‘Try and stay ignored for as long

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Reviews

Edvard Munch portraits

‘A painter like Munch is rooted in the psychological with all his fibres,’ wrote the German critic Franz Servaes in the 1890s. ‘He cannot even depict a landscape without making its soul his own. For the same reasons, he is also a highly sensitive portrait painter.’

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Reviews

Siena

‘Siena: The Rise of Painting 1300–1350’ National Gallery, London, 8 March–22 June 2025 Siena: The Rise of Painting 1300–1350. Edited by Joanna Cannon, with Caroline

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Reviews

José María Velasco

This is the first proper exhibition of the work of José María Velasco (1840–1912) in the UK and the first in the National Gallery to be devoted to a Latin American artist of the period. For anyone unfamiliar with Velasco, and that includes me, this show will come as a glorious revelation. What a painter!

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Reviews

Caillebotte in Paris

‘Caillebotte – Peindre les hommes’
Musée d’Orsay, Paris
8 October 2024–19 January 2025 
J Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
25 February–25 May 2025
Art Institute of Chicago
29 June–5 October 2025.
Anne Gallou

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Reviews

Carpaccio review

‘Vittore Carpaccio: Drawings and Paintings’
National Gallery of Art, Washington,
20 November 2022–12 February 2023
Doge’s Palace, Venice,
18 March–18 June 2023
Roderick Conway Morris

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Reviews

Oudry

‘Oudry – Peintre de Courre’
Château de Fontainebleau
13 October 2024–27 January 2025
Anne Gallou

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Research

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Research

Identifying a Macready role

This portrait of William Charles Macready (Pl 1) has been glimpsed on the auction circuit since 2015 at least. It was up for sale again on 31 January 2024, and again at Dreweatts on 11 February this year (2025, £14,000 hammer). It was consistently identified as showing Macready as Hamlet – even describing him as ‘in a toga’ – which never made any sense: Macready, obviously yes; Hamlet decidedly no.

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Research

Missing Turner Sketches

In 1802, the ratification of the Treaty of Amiens allowed artists an all-too-brief chance to travel freely across Continental Europe and, as has been documented by many scholars, the 27-year-old JM William Turner and a colleague, Newby Lowson, successfully completed an outstandingly ambitious tour that included part of the Alps. In this research paper, we present new findings about his route, the weather and gain a visual insight of views that must have impressed him greatly.

It has long been thought that Turner made no sketches as he and Lowson trekked around the western side of Mont Blanc from Chamonix to Courmayeur, but our research reveals a series of detailed, large and accurate studies.

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Research

Recovery of a stolen Van Dyck

In July 1951 Anthony van Dyck’s Portrait of Wolfgang Wilhelm of Pfalz-Neuburg (Pl 1) was stolen from Boughton House, Northamptonshire. It is one of thirty-seven oil sketches at Boughton for Van Dyck’s print series known as the Iconography, a unique group of panels that, until the summer of 1951, had remained together in the same collection since 1682.

This paper tells the remarkable story of the theft, which spans three generations and involves some of the most prominent members of the art establishment in the UK and the US.

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Research

Searching for Muriel Foster

JW Waterhouse (1849–1917) painted six versions of the Greek mythological figure of Lamia derived from Keats’s poem of the same name, about a creature half-serpent, half-beautiful young woman who draws men to their death. The principal finished version is that of 1905 where the temptress is seen draped in a flimsy robe accompanied by the sloughed-off remnants of snakeskin (Pl 1, Pl 1a). It was praised by Anthony F Hobson as being ‘one of the most beautiful and admirable of Waterhouse’s fantasies’ [1]

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Research

Souter’s The Breakdown

The Breakdown, a painting by the Scottish artist John Bulloch Souter, appeared at the 158th Royal Academy of Arts Summer Exhibition in 1926. It showed a naked white woman dancing, as if entranced, to music played by a black musician (see Pl 1). Commentaries were extensive and international. Some were positive but many more were adverse and the image soon became controversial. The British government intervened quickly, taking the highly unusual step of requiring the Royal Academy to remove the work from public display, which happened on 8 May. Souter subsequently destroyed it but retained preparatory sketches from which he painted a very similar version in 1962. The principle focus here is the 1926 version.

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Research

Hogarth and gambling

‘The magic of money’ is William Hogarth’s own phrase, appearing in his print The South Sea Scheme (Pl 1). Hogarth the social activist is best remembered for his attacks on alcoholism in Gin Lane and Beer Street, his concern for animals, and for his charity work for the Foundling Hospital in London. It is less well known that he worried throughout his working life about gambling and its consequences for all classes. Charles Dillon, the historian of the aftermath of the Revolution of 1688, and a student of the ‘culture of risk’ in 18th-century Britain, sees its triple legacy as freedom, knowledge, and – above all – risk, which manifested itself through gaming and gambling. It was a matter of prolonged concern for Hogarth.

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Research

William Blake drawing

A sketch by William Blake (1757–1827) after Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam (Pl 1) has been relocated following the death of its previous owner, the mid-century British artist George Hooper (1910–1994), in 1994. The drawing originates from the collection of John Linnell (1792–1882) and was purchased at auction in 1918 by TR Hooper, George Hooper’s grandfather. Inherited via Joyce Katherine Hooper MBE, Blake’s Adam has since been moved from Surrey to London, where it now resides in the dining room of her great-nephew, the conductor and art collector Chris Gayford. The study is drawn on the verso of an early version of one of the Dante illustrations, a depiction of Minos (Pl 2). Though Butlin does not propose a date for either drawing, it is likely that both sides were completed between 1824 and 1827, when Blake was working on the Dante commission.[1]

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