The British Art Journal Volume XXVI, No.1
contents:
Research

New light on Richard Dadd
Geoffrey Munn explores the motives of a major collector of the work of Richard Dadd and also clarifies the true subject of one of his most famous fairy paintings

The Saltonstall Family
An examination of the history of the well-known 17th-century group The Saltonstall Family offers a fresh interpretation of its iconography and a new identification of the individuals shown

A misattributed Portrait of Prince Rupert
A misattributed Portrait of Prince Rupert by Sir Peter Lely (1618–1680) in the Hudson’s Bay Company Collection David Franklin

What’s in a name?
Many pastels and oil paintings by Katherine Read ( 1723–1728) have long been misattributed and this article examines some of the consequences. While evoking a specific case, it offers more general reflections on the (re)identification of artists.

Frances Graham
Beth Richards presents new evidence to show that Frances Graham is wearing Mughal emerald and pearl bead bracelets in Tilly Kettle’s 1774 portrait

A newly identified portrait of Roubiliac
Andread Soldi painted several portraits of the sculptor Louis François Roubiliac at work and here is another which may also shed light on his relationship with Bouchardon

Reuniting a Gainsborough letter
The missing part of a letter by Thomas Gainsborough reappeared at auction in 2024, bearing its date and signature. The two parts of the letter are here reunited

In search of The Valley Farm
In search of The Valley Farm John Constable (1776–1837) and Willy Lott’s house FG Notehelfer Tracing the roots of The

What if? Monet and Leicester Square
Claude Monet chose a vantage point in February–March 1901 in what can now be identified as the Beefsteak Club in Irving Street, Leicester Square, for a projected number of nocturnal scenes in London

The meaning of Manet’s Luncheon in the Studio
There have been numerous interpretations of Manet’s Luncheon in the Studio, none of them satisfactory. The key to unlocking its meaning lies in contemporary admiration among French writers and artists for the art of William Hogarth

English and French reactions to the art of each country
(English) pride and (French) prejudice Cross-Channel partialities, 1802–1837 William Hauptman Cependant [les peintres] été brillans [sic] dans tous les états

Marie Jane Naylor
Martin Ferguson Smith reconstructs the career of Marie Jane Naylor (1856–1940) and provides a checklist of her works

Helen Coombe Addenda
Since the publication of Martin Ferguson Smith’s biography of Roger Fry’s wife, Helen Coombe (1864–1937), in October 2023, three additional items of significant interest have come to his attention

The enigma of the Detmold twins
Unexpected photographic evidence is helping to unravel a little of the enigma of the Detmold twins, while also creating some new puzzles of its own

Guernica’s Odyssey to Spain: 45th anniversary
Guernica’s Odyssey to Spain: 45th anniversary Lorraine Bacchus 1 Guernica by Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), 1937. Oil on canvas, 349
Reviews

BRUSK, a new exhibition venue in Bruges
An exhibition on the history of Bruges 900–1550 marks the opening of BRUSK, a new exhibition venue in the city

Whistler on show
Whistler is the subject of the first major retrospective in Europe for some 30 years

The collections of Caroline Murat, Queen of Naples, on view at Chantilly – and Napoleon memorabilia
An exhibition at the Château de Chantilly reveals the discerning personal taste of Caroline Murat, Queen of Naples, younger sister of Napoleon – memorabilia of whom are on view nearby in the Château

Constable 250
The 250th anniversary of the birth of John Constable is being marked by a series of publications and exhibitions under the general title of ‘Constable 250’

Painters of the Hispanic Society of America
The renovation of the Hispanic Society of America in New York has led to 45 of its paintings being exhibited in Paris, a splendid array of works by some of the greatest Spanish masters

William Blake: The Age of Romantic Fantasy
‘William Blake: The Age of Romantic Fantasy’ National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin 16 April–19 July 2026 Alice Insley, Anne Hodge and Christina Morin

Henri Rousseau, l’ambition de la peinture
This Henri Rousseau exhibition spans the entire career of this remarkable maverick artist and brings together for the first time a substantial part of the two largest single collections of the painter’s works

Sam Rabin
Sam Rabin (1903–1991), artist, wrestler, boxer, was ‘discovered’ at the age of 80. Thomas Tuohy enjoyed a rare opportunity to see his boxing pictures
Editorial
The British Art Journal is back!
Online only
Our title is now
The British Art Journal: Online
Sharp-eyed readers will note that our old typography read: The British Art Journal
The change in emphasis is to indicate that, while we shall retain a focus on the history of British art, we shall also be covering western art more generally, both in research and reviews.
Subscribe now –free – to be sure of receiving notifications of new issues and of updates such as added articles and reviews. Just click ‘Subscribe now’ at the top of the home page Our last printed edition was Volume XXIV in 2023-24 And so here, in 2025, is Volume XXV – online
Access our last printed edition and earlier posts at ‘Archive’ on the home page
Get in touch with us with your thoughts and submissions – research and reviews – at ‘Contact’ on the home page
The British Art Journal
Volume XXVI, No.1 Contents
The British Art Journal
Volume XXV, No.2 Contents
The British Art Journal
Volume XXV, No.1 Contents
The British Art Journal Volume XXV, No.2
Research

Not Lady Jane Grey but Mary Nevill Fiennes, Lady Dacre
Reports appeared in the popular media in March 2025 highlighting new evidence put forward in support of Lady Jane Grey Dudley as the sitter in a portrait included in an exhibition at Wrest Park in Bedfordshire. This article examines this evidence from an alternative perspective and reasserts the previous identification of the sitter as Mary Nevill Fiennes, Lady Dacre

An attribution for the portrait of Sir Arthur Hopton and his secretary
A well-known portrait of Sir Arthur Hopton has failed to attract a convincing attribution – until now

Hogarth’s house at the Golden Head, Leicester Fields
Hogarth’s chose a ‘golden head’ of Anthony Van Dyck as the sign of his profession: a gilded cork bust that he created and placed over the entrance to his house at No. 30 Leicester Square. This article examines the significance of this symbol and explores Hogarth’s household and business activities on that site

The Welshman in A Rake’s Progress by William Hogarth (1697–1764)
The presence of Welshmen in the fourth scene of Hogarth’s A Rake’s Progress has often been noticed. But the identity of the Welsh gentleman responsible for the arrest of the Rake has not been recognized, nor even speculated upon. He is identified here for the first time, and further ramifications of the introduction of references to Wales in Hogarth’s series indicate that the artist is pointing to the contemporary divisions within the Hanoverian royal family

Canaletto, the Sandby brothers and ‘Mr Crowle’
In 1747 Canaletto painted a view of Windsor Castle which carries a tantalising note in its frame, the interpretation of which leads to an intriguing exploration of the circumstances in which the picture was made. The precise location where Canaletto was positioned to take the view is identified and the artist’s interaction with the Sandy brothers is examined

The life of Charles Philips (1703–1747) with a checklist of his works
The life of Charles Philips (1703–1747) is fully traced here for the first time together with a full checklist of his works

Sketches Taken at Print Sales by Paul Sandby (1731–1809)
The British Museum has an etching by Paul Sandby showing portrait heads of 54 men. There are two different contemporary sources for identifying the individuals, which are usually but not always in agreement. Almost all have been identified but this essay supplies three of the five missing names, and explores the world of those attending print auctions at the time

Identifying a mystery portrait by Arthur Devis (1712–1787)
An Arthur Devis portrait at the French Hospital in Rochester, Kent, has long been thought to show the Huguenot Gainsborough Dupont, nephew of Thomas Gainsborough. Here it is identified as another autograph version of a portrait of William Hall, 2nd Viscount Gage

Did Ben Nicholson and Jim Ede take advantage of Alfred Wallis?
Ben Nicholson and Jim Ede each bought a great many paintings by Alfred Wallis soon after he was ‘discovered’ in St Ives, in the late summer of 1928. They paid what seem trivial sums of money for them. Were they taking advantage of a lonely, isolated, semi-literate retired sailor? This question has often been asked and there are many aspects to be considered when seeking the answer.

Carel Weight during the Allied occupation after the Second World War
Carel Weight RA was an official war artist covering aspects of the Allied Forces’ occupation of Italy, Austria and Greece from May 1945 to February 1946. The long letters that he wrote to his partner Helen Roeder in London described his experiences

Lorenz Natter (1705–1763)
Lorenz Natter stayed in England from late 1745 until 1747. During this short time, he worked for British aristocrats, carving both intaglios and cameos. Among them was a most extraordinary ‘Vase on a small Diamond [engraved] for Lord James Cavendisch’ (d 1751). That gem was known only through a drawing. But the author has rediscovered the actual stone, which is here presented within the context of its realization.

Framing Sheila Fell (1931–1979) as a social realist
The authors of a new catalogue raisonné of the oil paintings of Sheila Fell (1931–1979) make the case here for seeing her as a social realist. Andrew and Eleanor Bradley, Sheila Fell: Catalogue Raisonné of the Oil Paintings, Lund Humphries Publishers Ltd 2025, pp488 col £195, ISBN 1848226322 / 978-1848226326

An undocumented portrait of Christabel and Emmeline Pankhurst
A portrait of Christabel Pankhurst, newly identified here, was exhibited at the Champ de Mars Salon in Paris 1912, while Pankhurst herself was on the run in the same city, hiding from the British police. The artist was Helen Darmesteter (1850–1940) who painted a number of British suffragettes. The article also reveals how the women’s suffrage movement was entangled with French art circles during the Belle Époque

The Flight Out of Egypt by Richard Dadd (1817–1886)
One of Richard Dadd’s most ambitious works is called The Flight out of Egypt, but evidence produced here reveals its true subject and that it needs to be renamed
Reviews

Gwen John in Wales
An outstandingly well-designed retrospective exhibition of the work of Gwen John – in her native land of Wales – marks the 150th anniversary of her birth

Regency Collectors by Peter Humfrey
Peter Humfrey’s Regency Collectors brings together seven very different individuals in a scholarly, beautifully illustrated publication

Michelangelo’s Puzzle
Did Michelangelo forge the Laocoön? Ae there many references to it in the artist’s Sistine Last Judgement? Did he create this fresco as a form of intellectual Renaissance puzzle?

‘Metamorphoses: Ovid and the Arts’
The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam is now the venue for the first major exhibition of art works from the ancient world and Renaissance to modern times inspired by Ovid’s classic. It features works by Bernini, Brancuşi, Caravaggio, Correggio, Delvaux, Magritte, Poussin, Rodin, Rubens, Tintoretto, Titian and Veronese.

Sir Don McCullin at 90
‘Broken Beauty’ was a fine exhibition at the Holborn Museum, Bath, to celebrate the 90th birthday of Sir Don McCullin (b 1935)

Leonora Carrington’, Musée du Luxembourg, Paris
The surrealists English artist Leonora Carrington is the subject of a large exhibition at the Musée du Luxembourg, Paris

Edna Clarke Hall (1879–1979): from Slade Student to Studio Destruction
Edna Clarke Hall (1879–1979) was one of the most dazzling students ever to attend the Slade School of Art: she enrolled there at the age of fourteen. Max Browne reveals the desperately sad story of what went wrong – at the hands of her distinguished husband

Women artists
The primary revelation of two exhibitions of work by women artists is the outstanding quality of so much of it – whose makers were renowned in their lifetimes and celebrated in contemporary written sources, but who have gradually been erased from the record by subsequent generations of (overwhelmingly male) art historians

‘Seurat and the Sea’
The first-ever exhibition devoted to Seurat’s marine subjects – although more than half of his final output was made up of them

Alfred Morrison (1821–1897) – millionaire shopping
Alfred Morrison (1821–1897) is the subject of a new book edited by Caroline Dakers, which explores the vast wealth of this ‘Vicorian Maecenas’, identifying what he spent his money on, what he collected, and the artists and craftsmen he patronised

‘Samurai’ at the British Museum
The strange world and magnificence of the Samurai culture of Japan is revealed in splendour at this British Museum exhibition

British colonialism in India and the visual arts
A new book looks at British colonialism in India as revealed in the visual arts in the heigh-day of the East India Company 1688–1815

Lake District artists: Julian Cooper and Edward H Thompson
Thomas Tuohy reviews two books on very different Lake District artists

William Nicholson
Adrian Clark weighs up the reputation of Sir William Nicholson (1872–1949)

Maria Cosway book review
Thomas Tuohy reviews a new biography of the remarkable Maria Cosway

Lee Miller exhibition
Tate Britain claim this Lee Miller exhibition is the largest ever staged. Julian Freeman takes a critical look

Art Deco centenary in Paris
A major exhibition in Paris marks the centenary of the ‘Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes’ in Paris in 1925

Caravaggio’s Cupid
The loan to the Wallace Collection of Caravaggio’s Victorious Cupid from the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin offers an extraordinary opportunity to study one of the artist’s greatest masterpieces

‘Turner and Constable’ at Tate Britain: a personal view
Turner and Constable at Tate Britain has been widely acclaimed, including a favourable review by the Editor of The British Art Journal in The Spectator of 22 December 2025 https://tinyurl.com/a5fst2pp. Prue Bishop is not so sure…

‘Anna Ancher: Painting Light’
Dulwich Picture Gallery is currently showing the first UK exhibition devoted to Anna Archer (1859–1935), one of the most original and significant Danish painters

Wright of Derby exhibition: more thoughts
David Stacey wonders whether Wright of Derby’s marriage to the daughter of a lead-miner turned his thoughts towards the virtues of the working class

Wright of Derby ‘From the Shadows’
This review challenges some of the assumptions behind an important and absorbing exhibition

Picasso: from the studio
This exhibition takes as its inspiration Picasso’s remark, ‘The way an artist arranges the objects around him is as revealing as his creations’

‘Impressions in Watercolour: JMW Turner and his Contemporaries’
The exhibition ‘Impressions in Watercolour: JMW Turner and his Contemporaries’ is drawn almost entirely from a single collection. It has moved on from the Holburne Museum, Bath, to the Towner Eastbourne

Neo-Impressionists at the National Gallery, London
‘Radical Harmony: Helene Kröller-Müller’s Neo-Impressionists’ National Gallery, London 13 September–8 February 2026 Julien Domercq, ed, Radical Harmony: Helene Kröller-Müller’s Neo-Impressionists, National Gallery Global, 2025,

Sir Francis Carruthers Gould, pioneering cartoonist
Review of the first major study of Britain’s pioneering graphic satirist, Sir Francis Carruthers Gould (1844–1925), the first staff political cartoonist on a daily newspaper in Britain, and the first of his kind to be knighted
The British Art Journal Volume XXV, No.1
Reviews

Watteau and ‘cutting and pasting’ in the 18th century
A new book and a Watteau exhibition prove complementary in revealing an artistic world in the 18th century in which ‘cutting and pasting’ – using and re-using visual sources – was habitual

Edward Burra
Edward Burra was one of the most distinctive and imaginative figurative painters in Great Britain in the 20th century. The present exhibition at Tate Britain has many loans from private, as well as public, collections, and presents a rare opportunity to assess the work of this true eccentric

Hiroshige at the British Museum
In the world of popular prints 19th-century Japan was infinitely more colourful than the West, where almost all printed matter was monochrome.

Mainie Jellett and Evie Hone
The only previous joint exhibition of Mainie Jellett (1897–1944) and Evie Hone (1894–1955) was held in Dublin in 1924, with a rather overwhelmingly negative response. Arriving fashionably late, 101 years on, this new major exhibition of nearly 100 works on canvas, stained glass, and paper by Hone and Jellett at the National Gallery of Ireland seems likely to attract a different reaction.

Sussex Modernism
‘Sussex Modernism’ Towner, Eastbourne, 23 May–28 September 2025 Hope Wolf, Sussex Modernism, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 2025 Julian Freeman

Castle Howard Preserv’d
The precocious British mania for foreign recreational and educational travel made the wealthier natives of these islands the Grand Tourists par excellence. Castle Howard, in North Yorkshire, which still stands, as Horace Walpole described it, amid ‘the grandest scenes of rural magnificence’, became over several generations one of the most outstanding products of this enthusiasm for Continental and especially Italian travel.

Jenny Saville
‘Jenny Saville: The Anatomy of Painting’ National Portrait Gallery, London, 20 June–7 September 2025 Lorraine Bacchus ‘Try and stay ignored for as long

Edvard Munch portraits
‘A painter like Munch is rooted in the psychological with all his fibres,’ wrote the German critic Franz Servaes in the 1890s. ‘He cannot even depict a landscape without making its soul his own. For the same reasons, he is also a highly sensitive portrait painter.’

Siena
‘Siena: The Rise of Painting 1300–1350’ National Gallery, London, 8 March–22 June 2025 Siena: The Rise of Painting 1300–1350. Edited by Joanna Cannon, with Caroline

José María Velasco
This is the first proper exhibition of the work of José María Velasco (1840–1912) in the UK and the first in the National Gallery to be devoted to a Latin American artist of the period. For anyone unfamiliar with Velasco, and that includes me, this show will come as a glorious revelation. What a painter!

‘Van Gogh à Auvers-sur-Oise’
‘Van Gogh à Auvers-sur-Oise – Les derniers jours’
Musée d’Orsay,
3 October 2023–4 February 2024
Anne Gallou

Caillebotte in Paris
‘Caillebotte – Peindre les hommes’
Musée d’Orsay, Paris
8 October 2024–19 January 2025
J Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
25 February–25 May 2025
Art Institute of Chicago
29 June–5 October 2025.
Anne Gallou

Constable’s Hay Wain
‘Discover Constable & The Hay Wain’
National Gallery, London,
17 October 2024–2 February 2025
Robin Simon

Carpaccio review
‘Vittore Carpaccio: Drawings and Paintings’
National Gallery of Art, Washington,
20 November 2022–12 February 2023
Doge’s Palace, Venice,
18 March–18 June 2023
Roderick Conway Morris

Oudry
‘Oudry – Peintre de Courre’
Château de Fontainebleau
13 October 2024–27 January 2025
Anne Gallou
Research

Identifying a Macready role
This portrait of William Charles Macready (Pl 1) has been glimpsed on the auction circuit since 2015 at least. It was up for sale again on 31 January 2024, and again at Dreweatts on 11 February this year (2025, £14,000 hammer). It was consistently identified as showing Macready as Hamlet – even describing him as ‘in a toga’ – which never made any sense: Macready, obviously yes; Hamlet decidedly no.

Missing Turner Sketches
In 1802, the ratification of the Treaty of Amiens allowed artists an all-too-brief chance to travel freely across Continental Europe and, as has been documented by many scholars, the 27-year-old JM William Turner and a colleague, Newby Lowson, successfully completed an outstandingly ambitious tour that included part of the Alps. In this research paper, we present new findings about his route, the weather and gain a visual insight of views that must have impressed him greatly.
It has long been thought that Turner made no sketches as he and Lowson trekked around the western side of Mont Blanc from Chamonix to Courmayeur, but our research reveals a series of detailed, large and accurate studies.

Recovery of a stolen Van Dyck
In July 1951 Anthony van Dyck’s Portrait of Wolfgang Wilhelm of Pfalz-Neuburg (Pl 1) was stolen from Boughton House, Northamptonshire. It is one of thirty-seven oil sketches at Boughton for Van Dyck’s print series known as the Iconography, a unique group of panels that, until the summer of 1951, had remained together in the same collection since 1682.
This paper tells the remarkable story of the theft, which spans three generations and involves some of the most prominent members of the art establishment in the UK and the US.

Searching for Muriel Foster
JW Waterhouse (1849–1917) painted six versions of the Greek mythological figure of Lamia derived from Keats’s poem of the same name, about a creature half-serpent, half-beautiful young woman who draws men to their death. The principal finished version is that of 1905 where the temptress is seen draped in a flimsy robe accompanied by the sloughed-off remnants of snakeskin (Pl 1, Pl 1a). It was praised by Anthony F Hobson as being ‘one of the most beautiful and admirable of Waterhouse’s fantasies’ [1]

Souter’s The Breakdown
The Breakdown, a painting by the Scottish artist John Bulloch Souter, appeared at the 158th Royal Academy of Arts Summer Exhibition in 1926. It showed a naked white woman dancing, as if entranced, to music played by a black musician (see Pl 1). Commentaries were extensive and international. Some were positive but many more were adverse and the image soon became controversial. The British government intervened quickly, taking the highly unusual step of requiring the Royal Academy to remove the work from public display, which happened on 8 May. Souter subsequently destroyed it but retained preparatory sketches from which he painted a very similar version in 1962. The principle focus here is the 1926 version.

Hogarth and gambling
‘The magic of money’ is William Hogarth’s own phrase, appearing in his print The South Sea Scheme (Pl 1). Hogarth the social activist is best remembered for his attacks on alcoholism in Gin Lane and Beer Street, his concern for animals, and for his charity work for the Foundling Hospital in London. It is less well known that he worried throughout his working life about gambling and its consequences for all classes. Charles Dillon, the historian of the aftermath of the Revolution of 1688, and a student of the ‘culture of risk’ in 18th-century Britain, sees its triple legacy as freedom, knowledge, and – above all – risk, which manifested itself through gaming and gambling. It was a matter of prolonged concern for Hogarth.

William Blake drawing
A sketch by William Blake (1757–1827) after Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam (Pl 1) has been relocated following the death of its previous owner, the mid-century British artist George Hooper (1910–1994), in 1994. The drawing originates from the collection of John Linnell (1792–1882) and was purchased at auction in 1918 by TR Hooper, George Hooper’s grandfather. Inherited via Joyce Katherine Hooper MBE, Blake’s Adam has since been moved from Surrey to London, where it now resides in the dining room of her great-nephew, the conductor and art collector Chris Gayford. The study is drawn on the verso of an early version of one of the Dante illustrations, a depiction of Minos (Pl 2). Though Butlin does not propose a date for either drawing, it is likely that both sides were completed between 1824 and 1827, when Blake was working on the Dante commission.[1]